基于词源比较的背单词方法应用记录

整体铺垫

GRE单词分类

以记忆方法为依据

  1. 同源方法：lithosphere -> monolithic
  2. 义群：表达同一个含义的许多单词

[Haphazard 杂乱无章的]的义群

random

aimless

indiscriminate

  1. 专义专用

opportunistic

在政治语境下：机会主义的，见风使舵的

在生活语境下：临时起意的

L1 自然科学

motley

混杂的，形形色色的

1) variegated in color <a motley coat>

2) composed of diverse often incongruous elements <a motley crowd>

词源：mote(med-)

同源：mote

mundane

世俗的，平凡的

1) relating to the world

2) characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary

词源：mundus(world)

同义：commonplaces, ordinary, earthly

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Plastic

可塑的，可变的

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词源：plas-(to mold, spread out)

同源：plasma, plaster

同义：pliable, pliant, ductile, malleable, adaptable

compromise

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Quixotic

堂吉柯德式的，不切实际的

foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals.

intrinsic

本质的，内在的

Of or relating to the essential nature of a thing.

intra-: "inside, within"
同源：enter，intro-(introduce)
secus: "along, alongside"

近义词：inherent, built-in, congenital, essential, connate, innate

abstinence(abstain)

The act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite

ab-: "off, away from"
tenere: "to hold"

近义词：self-denial, temperance, sobriety, continence

exculpate

为某人开脱罪责，使无罪

To clear of guilt or blame.

ex-: “out of”
culpa: "blame, fault"
同源词：culpable 有罪的
近义词：absolve, exonerate, acquit, vindicate

radical

  1. 根本的，基本的
  2. 彻底的，完全的
  3. 激进极端的
radic-: "root"
同源：radish, eradicate

Preclude

使行不通，妨碍，阻碍

To make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent.

pre-: "before, ahead"
clude:"close, to shut"
同义：prevent, close

dispute

  1. 辩论 debate, argue
  2. 怀疑 doubt
  3. 争夺 contend
  4. 抵抗 oppose
dis-: "apart"
putare: "to reckon"

Innocuous

无害的

Having no adverse effect.

同义：harmless; innocent; inoffensive, innoxious

in-: "not"
nocuus:"hurtful"
同源词
nek-(death): pernicious, nocuous, nuisance, innocent
nox-: noxious
nectar: the drink of the gods, “overcoming death” (*tar-, overcoming)

baneful

有毒的，有害的

Causing harm, ruin, or death.

同义：harmful, pernicious, deadly, noxious, pestiferous

provincialism

方言

狭隘的，地方主义

contigent

视情况而定的，依赖于的

Dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet established

Happening by chance or accident

同义词：dependent, accidental

Obviate

消除，避免

to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action)

同义：prevent

ob-:"in front of, aganst"
via:"way"
obvius: in the way

perpetual

永恒的

Lasting for eternity.

per-:"through"
petere:"go to"

近义词：everlasting, continual

Manipulate

to treat or operate with or as if with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a skillful manner：操作（机械）

to change by artful or unfair means so as to serve one's purpose：操纵（为了个人目的）

近义词：maneuver, exploit, handle

词源
manipulus: “handful”
manus:"hand"
plere:"to fill"

man-: "hand"
1. manage, manner, manual, maintain, maneuver, manifest, manufacture
2. maniple, manipulation
3. man+dare(to put): to put into someone's hand(entrust, order)
mandate, command, commend, demand, recommend, remand

pele-:"to fill"
plenty, replenish, accomplish, plural, plus

article

物品，文章，条款

1. An individual thing or element of a class; a particular object or item 物品

2. A particular section or item of a series in a written document, as in a contract, constitution, or treaty. 条款

3. A nonfictional literary composition that forms an independent part of a publication, as of a newspaper or magazine. 文章

artus-: a joint
ar-: to fit together

pedestrian

Undistinguished; ordinary:

commonplace, unimaginative

步行者，平淡无奇的

dull

词源
pedes- :"going on foot"
ped- : "foot"
演化引申出
"prosaic, dull, plain"
"on foot" (sense contrasted with equester "on horseback")

同源词
pedal, pioneer, exite, impede

enchantment/enchant

1. To cast a spell over; bewitch. 施加魔力
2. To attract and delight; entrance. 使人着迷

同义词：attract

incantare: enchant, cast a (magic) spell upon
in-: upon, into
cantare(chant): to sing

engaging

迷人的，吸引人的

同义词：Charming; attractive:

entail

To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence:

To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs.

使必要，牵扯，承担，伴随

en- : make
tail : limitation
to limit inheritance to specific heirs 
同源词：tail（遗产的限制），tailor(to cut)

auspicious

Attended by favorable circumstances; propitious: 吉利的

同义词：favorable

auspice: (通过鸟）进行占卜
auspex: 占卜鸟的人
awi-spek- :"observer of birds"
awi-（avi-）: "bird"
spek-: "to see"
同源词：avian, aviation, auspice

degenerate

having declined or become less specialized (as in nature, character, structure, or function) from an ancestral or former state

退化

同义：degraded, deteriorate

"fall from ancestral quality" 
de-: "to depart from"
gener-: "give birth"
同源：gender, general, generate, genre

rarefied

elonging to or reserved for a small select group;

秘密的，曲高和寡的，怪异的

同义词：esoteric

delegate

授权，委托

to entrust to another

to appoint as one's representative

de-: "from, away"
legate: to send(with a commission)
                to depute, commission, charge
同源：legacy, legate, colleague, relegate

compromise

A settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions.

3a. : to expose to suspicion, discredit, or mischief

b. : to reveal or expose to an unauthorized person and especially to an enemy

"to make a mutual promise"
com- : with, together

irreparabe

Impossible to repair, rectify, or amend:

irremediable

in-: not, opposite of
reparabilis: can be repaired

anachronism

时代错误的

ana-: against
chrono: time
同源：chronic慢性的 chronicle编年史 chronology年表

convoluted

1. Having numerous overlapping coils or folds: 盘曲的
2. Intricate; complicated: 复杂的

同义：intricate, complicated, coil, involved

com-(con-): with,together
volvere: to roll

skirt

4. An outer edge; a border or margin: 边缘

1. To lie along or form the edge of; border: 沿着边缘

4. To evade, as by circumlocution: 绕行

2. To pass around rather than across or through: 回避

同义：rim, periphery, margin, border, edging

sker-: to cut
同源：short, shirt(“cut piece”)
Last modification：August 25, 2020
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